问题原因：

服务端的URL匹配不到相应的路由资源，需要URL重写匹配URL

解决方法：

将下面的配置文件放在vue项目的public静态文件根目录下，文件名为 web.config

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
  <system.webServer>
    <staticContent>
      <remove fileExtension=".woff" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".woff" mimeType="font/x-woff" />
      <remove fileExtension=".woff2" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".woff2" mimeType="font/x-woff2" />
      <remove fileExtension=".ttf" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".ttf" mimeType="font/x-ttf" />
      <remove fileExtension=".json" />
      <mimeMap fileExtension=".json" mimeType="text/json" />
    </staticContent>
    <rewrite>
      <rules>
        <rule name="vue" stopProcessing="true">
          <match url=".*" />
          <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll">
            <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" />
            <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" />
          </conditions>
          <action type="Rewrite" url="/" />
        </rule>
      </rules>
    </rewrite>
  </system.webServer>
 </configuration>